See -ōn on Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "-y"
},
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"raw_tags": [
"West Country"
],
"tags": [
"dialectal"
],
"word": "-ee"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"raw_tags": [
"Early Middle English or Kentish",
"or Southwest Midland"
],
"tags": [
"Southern"
],
"word": "-ien"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"tags": [
"obsolete"
],
"word": "-en"
},
{
"lang": "Middle Scots",
"lang_code": "gmw-msc",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "-en"
},
{
"lang": "Middle Scots",
"lang_code": "gmw-msc",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed",
"under Chaucerian influence"
],
"tags": [
"literary"
],
"word": "-in"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"raw_tags": [
"reshaped by analogy or addition of morphemes"
],
"word": "-en"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"tags": [
"obsolete"
],
"word": "-en"
},
{
"lang": "Middle Scots",
"lang_code": "gmw-msc",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "-en"
},
{
"lang": "Middle Scots",
"lang_code": "gmw-msc",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed",
"under Chaucerian influence"
],
"tags": [
"literary"
],
"word": "-in"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"raw_tags": [
"reshaped by analogy or addition of morphemes"
],
"word": "-e"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"tags": [
"obsolete"
],
"word": "-en"
},
{
"lang": "Middle Scots",
"lang_code": "gmw-msc",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "-en"
},
{
"lang": "Middle Scots",
"lang_code": "gmw-msc",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed",
"under Chaucerian influence"
],
"tags": [
"literary"
],
"word": "-in"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"raw_tags": [
"reshaped by analogy or addition of morphemes",
"especially Norfolk"
],
"word": "-yn"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"tags": [
"obsolete"
],
"word": "-en"
},
{
"lang": "Middle Scots",
"lang_code": "gmw-msc",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "-en"
},
{
"lang": "Middle Scots",
"lang_code": "gmw-msc",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed",
"under Chaucerian influence"
],
"tags": [
"literary"
],
"word": "-in"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"raw_tags": [
"reshaped by analogy or addition of morphemes",
"after vowels"
],
"word": "-n"
}
],
"lang": "Old English",
"lang_code": "ang",
"word": "-ian"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "North Frisian",
"lang_code": "frr",
"word": "-je"
},
{
"lang": "Saterland Frisian",
"lang_code": "stq",
"word": "-je"
},
{
"lang": "West Frisian",
"lang_code": "fy",
"word": "-je"
}
],
"lang": "Old Frisian",
"lang_code": "ofs",
"word": "-ia"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Low German",
"lang_code": "nds",
"word": "-en"
}
],
"lang": "Middle Low German",
"lang_code": "gml",
"word": "-en"
}
],
"lang": "Old Saxon",
"lang_code": "osx",
"word": "-ōn"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Low German",
"lang_code": "nds",
"word": "-en"
}
],
"lang": "Middle Low German",
"lang_code": "gml",
"word": "-en"
}
],
"lang": "Old Saxon",
"lang_code": "osx",
"word": "-oian"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Dutch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"word": "-en"
}
],
"lang": "Middle Dutch",
"lang_code": "dum",
"word": "-en"
}
],
"lang": "Old Dutch",
"lang_code": "odt",
"word": "-ōn"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"word": "-en"
}
],
"lang": "Middle High German",
"lang_code": "gmh",
"word": "-en"
}
],
"lang": "Old High German",
"lang_code": "goh",
"word": "-ōn"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": ":inh",
"3": "gem-pro:*-ōną",
"id": "verbal"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "etymon"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*-ōną"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *-ōną",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Germanic *-ōną.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "weak",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "gmw-infl-verb-wk2",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "-ōn",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "-ōnijas",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "-ōnijē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "-ōniju",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"infinitive",
"instrumental"
]
},
{
"form": "-ō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ōdā",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ōs",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ōdēs",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ōdōs",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ōþ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-ōdē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-ōdā",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-ōm",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "-ōdum",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-ōþ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-ōdud",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-ōnþ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-ōdun",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-ōdī",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ōdī",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-ōdī",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-ōdīm",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-ōdīd",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-ōn",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-ōdīn",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-ō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ōþ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "-ōndī",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "-ōd",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "*-ōjan",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "suffix",
"cat2": "verb-forming suffixes"
},
"expansion": "*-ōn",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "gmw-infl-verb-wk2"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-West Germanic",
"lang_code": "gmw-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/-ōn",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "55 45",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages using catfix",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "55 45",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages using etymon with no ID",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "39 35 20 6",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "39 35 21 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "33 38 20 9",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-West Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "34 34 22 10",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Links likely containing transcriptions in pos",
"orig": "links likely containing transcriptions in pos",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Creates denominative verbs from nouns."
],
"id": "en--ōn-gmw-pro-suffix-zo9PAbF4",
"links": [
[
"denominative",
"denominative#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "55 45",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages using catfix",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "55 45",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages using etymon with no ID",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "39 35 20 6",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "39 35 21 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "33 38 20 9",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-West Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "34 34 22 10",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Links likely containing transcriptions in pos",
"orig": "links likely containing transcriptions in pos",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Creates factitive verbs from adjectives."
],
"id": "en--ōn-gmw-pro-suffix-eLffOAzD",
"links": [
[
"factitive",
"factitive#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "-ōn"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Old English",
"lang_code": "ang",
"word": "-on"
},
{
"lang": "Old English",
"lang_code": "ang",
"raw_tags": [
"in ēastre"
],
"word": "-un"
},
{
"lang": "Old English",
"lang_code": "ang",
"word": "-o"
},
{
"lang": "Old English",
"lang_code": "ang",
"raw_tags": [
"Northumbrian",
"in eorðe",
"folde"
],
"word": "-u"
},
{
"lang": "Old Frisian",
"lang_code": "ofs",
"raw_tags": [
"in āge"
],
"word": "-on"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "German Low German",
"lang_code": "nds-de",
"word": "-en"
},
{
"lang": "Plautdietsch",
"lang_code": "pdt",
"word": "-e"
}
],
"lang": "Middle Low German",
"lang_code": "gml",
"word": "-en"
}
],
"lang": "Old Saxon",
"lang_code": "osx",
"word": "-un"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "German Low German",
"lang_code": "nds-de",
"word": "-en"
},
{
"lang": "Plautdietsch",
"lang_code": "pdt",
"word": "-e"
}
],
"lang": "Middle Low German",
"lang_code": "gml",
"word": "-en"
}
],
"lang": "Old Saxon",
"lang_code": "osx",
"word": "-on"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Afrikaans",
"lang_code": "af",
"word": "-e"
}
],
"lang": "Dutch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"word": "-en"
},
{
"lang": "Limburgish",
"lang_code": "li",
"word": "-e"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "West Frisian",
"lang_code": "fy",
"word": "-en"
}
],
"lang": "Old Frisian",
"lang_code": "ofs",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "-an"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "West Frisian",
"lang_code": "fy",
"word": "-en"
}
],
"lang": "Old Frisian",
"lang_code": "ofs",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed",
"or from Middle Low German"
],
"word": "-en"
}
],
"lang": "Middle Dutch",
"lang_code": "dum",
"word": "-en"
}
],
"lang": "Old Dutch",
"lang_code": "odt",
"word": "-on"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Walser German",
"lang_code": "gsw",
"word": "-u"
},
{
"lang": "Walser German",
"lang_code": "gsw",
"word": "-e"
}
],
"lang": "Alemannic German",
"lang_code": "gsw",
"word": "-e"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Cimbrian",
"lang_code": "cim",
"word": "-en"
}
],
"lang": "Bavarian",
"lang_code": "bar",
"word": "-n"
},
{
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"word": "-en"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Hunsrik",
"lang_code": "hrx",
"word": "-e"
}
],
"lang": "Central Franconian",
"lang_code": "gmw-cfr",
"word": "-e"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Vilamovian",
"lang_code": "wym",
"word": "-a"
},
{
"lang": "Vilamovian",
"lang_code": "wym",
"word": "-n"
}
],
"lang": "East Central German",
"lang_code": "gmw-ecg",
"word": "-en"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Vilamovian",
"lang_code": "wym",
"word": "-a"
},
{
"lang": "Vilamovian",
"lang_code": "wym",
"word": "-n"
}
],
"lang": "East Central German",
"lang_code": "gmw-ecg",
"word": "-n"
},
{
"lang": "Luxembourgish",
"lang_code": "lb",
"word": "-en"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Pennsylvania German",
"lang_code": "pdc",
"word": "-e"
}
],
"lang": "Rhine Franconian",
"lang_code": "gmw-rfr",
"word": "-e"
},
{
"lang": "Yiddish",
"lang_code": "yi",
"roman": "-n",
"word": "־ן"
}
],
"lang": "Middle High German",
"lang_code": "gmh",
"raw_tags": [
"Alemannic -ūn"
],
"word": "-en"
}
],
"lang": "Old High German",
"lang_code": "goh",
"word": "-ūn"
}
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "n-stem"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "etymid"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From a conflation of several Proto-Germanic ōn-stem suffixes: *-ōnų (accusative singular), *-ōniz (genitive singular, nominative/vocative plural), *-ōni (dative singular), *-ōnē (instrumental singular), and *-ōnunz (accusative plural), alongside *-ōnō (neutern an-stem nominative/vocative/accusative plural)",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "suffix",
"cat2": "inflectional suffixes"
},
"expansion": "*-ōn",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-West Germanic",
"lang_code": "gmw-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/-ōn",
"pos": "suffix",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "-an"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "-īn"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "39 35 20 6",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "39 35 21 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "33 38 20 9",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-West Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "34 34 22 10",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Links likely containing transcriptions in pos",
"orig": "links likely containing transcriptions in pos",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "sagā (“story”) + -ōn → *sagōn (“stories”)",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Forms the oblique singular and nominative/accusative plural of ōn-stem nouns."
],
"id": "en--ōn-gmw-pro-suffix-JkiJjX-d",
"links": [
[
"oblique",
"Appendix:Glossary#oblique"
],
[
"singular",
"Appendix:Glossary#singular"
],
[
"nominative",
"Appendix:Glossary#nominative"
],
[
"accusative",
"Appendix:Glossary#accusative"
],
[
"plural",
"Appendix:Glossary#plural"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"Forms the nominative/accusative plural of neuter an-stem nouns."
],
"id": "en--ōn-gmw-pro-suffix-x6fSP63y",
"links": [
[
"nominative",
"Appendix:Glossary#nominative"
],
[
"accusative",
"Appendix:Glossary#accusative"
],
[
"plural",
"Appendix:Glossary#plural"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "-ōn"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages using catfix",
"Pages using etymon with no ID",
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Proto-West Germanic class 2 weak verbs",
"Proto-West Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-West Germanic inflectional suffixes",
"Proto-West Germanic lemmas",
"Proto-West Germanic suffixes",
"Proto-West Germanic terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"Proto-West Germanic terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Proto-West Germanic terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"Proto-West Germanic terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European",
"Proto-West Germanic verb-forming suffixes",
"links likely containing transcriptions in pos"
],
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "-y"
},
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"raw_tags": [
"West Country"
],
"tags": [
"dialectal"
],
"word": "-ee"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"raw_tags": [
"Early Middle English or Kentish",
"or Southwest Midland"
],
"tags": [
"Southern"
],
"word": "-ien"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"tags": [
"obsolete"
],
"word": "-en"
},
{
"lang": "Middle Scots",
"lang_code": "gmw-msc",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "-en"
},
{
"lang": "Middle Scots",
"lang_code": "gmw-msc",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed",
"under Chaucerian influence"
],
"tags": [
"literary"
],
"word": "-in"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"raw_tags": [
"reshaped by analogy or addition of morphemes"
],
"word": "-en"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"tags": [
"obsolete"
],
"word": "-en"
},
{
"lang": "Middle Scots",
"lang_code": "gmw-msc",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "-en"
},
{
"lang": "Middle Scots",
"lang_code": "gmw-msc",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed",
"under Chaucerian influence"
],
"tags": [
"literary"
],
"word": "-in"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"raw_tags": [
"reshaped by analogy or addition of morphemes"
],
"word": "-e"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"tags": [
"obsolete"
],
"word": "-en"
},
{
"lang": "Middle Scots",
"lang_code": "gmw-msc",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "-en"
},
{
"lang": "Middle Scots",
"lang_code": "gmw-msc",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed",
"under Chaucerian influence"
],
"tags": [
"literary"
],
"word": "-in"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"raw_tags": [
"reshaped by analogy or addition of morphemes",
"especially Norfolk"
],
"word": "-yn"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"tags": [
"obsolete"
],
"word": "-en"
},
{
"lang": "Middle Scots",
"lang_code": "gmw-msc",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "-en"
},
{
"lang": "Middle Scots",
"lang_code": "gmw-msc",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed",
"under Chaucerian influence"
],
"tags": [
"literary"
],
"word": "-in"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"raw_tags": [
"reshaped by analogy or addition of morphemes",
"after vowels"
],
"word": "-n"
}
],
"lang": "Old English",
"lang_code": "ang",
"word": "-ian"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "North Frisian",
"lang_code": "frr",
"word": "-je"
},
{
"lang": "Saterland Frisian",
"lang_code": "stq",
"word": "-je"
},
{
"lang": "West Frisian",
"lang_code": "fy",
"word": "-je"
}
],
"lang": "Old Frisian",
"lang_code": "ofs",
"word": "-ia"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Low German",
"lang_code": "nds",
"word": "-en"
}
],
"lang": "Middle Low German",
"lang_code": "gml",
"word": "-en"
}
],
"lang": "Old Saxon",
"lang_code": "osx",
"word": "-ōn"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Low German",
"lang_code": "nds",
"word": "-en"
}
],
"lang": "Middle Low German",
"lang_code": "gml",
"word": "-en"
}
],
"lang": "Old Saxon",
"lang_code": "osx",
"word": "-oian"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Dutch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"word": "-en"
}
],
"lang": "Middle Dutch",
"lang_code": "dum",
"word": "-en"
}
],
"lang": "Old Dutch",
"lang_code": "odt",
"word": "-ōn"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"word": "-en"
}
],
"lang": "Middle High German",
"lang_code": "gmh",
"word": "-en"
}
],
"lang": "Old High German",
"lang_code": "goh",
"word": "-ōn"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": ":inh",
"3": "gem-pro:*-ōną",
"id": "verbal"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "etymon"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*-ōną"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *-ōną",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Germanic *-ōną.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "weak",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "gmw-infl-verb-wk2",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "-ōn",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "-ōnijas",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "-ōnijē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "-ōniju",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"infinitive",
"instrumental"
]
},
{
"form": "-ō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ōdā",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ōs",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ōdēs",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ōdōs",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ōþ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-ōdē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-ōdā",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-ōm",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "-ōdum",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-ōþ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-ōdud",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-ōnþ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-ōdun",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-ōdī",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ōdī",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-ōdī",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-ōdīm",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-ōdīd",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-ōn",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-ōdīn",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-ō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ōþ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "-ōndī",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "-ōd",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "*-ōjan",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "suffix",
"cat2": "verb-forming suffixes"
},
"expansion": "*-ōn",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "gmw-infl-verb-wk2"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-West Germanic",
"lang_code": "gmw-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/-ōn",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"Creates denominative verbs from nouns."
],
"links": [
[
"denominative",
"denominative#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"Creates factitive verbs from adjectives."
],
"links": [
[
"factitive",
"factitive#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "-ōn"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Proto-West Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-West Germanic inflectional suffixes",
"Proto-West Germanic lemmas",
"Proto-West Germanic suffixes",
"Proto-West Germanic terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"Proto-West Germanic terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"links likely containing transcriptions in pos"
],
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Old English",
"lang_code": "ang",
"word": "-on"
},
{
"lang": "Old English",
"lang_code": "ang",
"raw_tags": [
"in ēastre"
],
"word": "-un"
},
{
"lang": "Old English",
"lang_code": "ang",
"word": "-o"
},
{
"lang": "Old English",
"lang_code": "ang",
"raw_tags": [
"Northumbrian",
"in eorðe",
"folde"
],
"word": "-u"
},
{
"lang": "Old Frisian",
"lang_code": "ofs",
"raw_tags": [
"in āge"
],
"word": "-on"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "German Low German",
"lang_code": "nds-de",
"word": "-en"
},
{
"lang": "Plautdietsch",
"lang_code": "pdt",
"word": "-e"
}
],
"lang": "Middle Low German",
"lang_code": "gml",
"word": "-en"
}
],
"lang": "Old Saxon",
"lang_code": "osx",
"word": "-un"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "German Low German",
"lang_code": "nds-de",
"word": "-en"
},
{
"lang": "Plautdietsch",
"lang_code": "pdt",
"word": "-e"
}
],
"lang": "Middle Low German",
"lang_code": "gml",
"word": "-en"
}
],
"lang": "Old Saxon",
"lang_code": "osx",
"word": "-on"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Afrikaans",
"lang_code": "af",
"word": "-e"
}
],
"lang": "Dutch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"word": "-en"
},
{
"lang": "Limburgish",
"lang_code": "li",
"word": "-e"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "West Frisian",
"lang_code": "fy",
"word": "-en"
}
],
"lang": "Old Frisian",
"lang_code": "ofs",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "-an"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "West Frisian",
"lang_code": "fy",
"word": "-en"
}
],
"lang": "Old Frisian",
"lang_code": "ofs",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed",
"or from Middle Low German"
],
"word": "-en"
}
],
"lang": "Middle Dutch",
"lang_code": "dum",
"word": "-en"
}
],
"lang": "Old Dutch",
"lang_code": "odt",
"word": "-on"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Walser German",
"lang_code": "gsw",
"word": "-u"
},
{
"lang": "Walser German",
"lang_code": "gsw",
"word": "-e"
}
],
"lang": "Alemannic German",
"lang_code": "gsw",
"word": "-e"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Cimbrian",
"lang_code": "cim",
"word": "-en"
}
],
"lang": "Bavarian",
"lang_code": "bar",
"word": "-n"
},
{
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"word": "-en"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Hunsrik",
"lang_code": "hrx",
"word": "-e"
}
],
"lang": "Central Franconian",
"lang_code": "gmw-cfr",
"word": "-e"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Vilamovian",
"lang_code": "wym",
"word": "-a"
},
{
"lang": "Vilamovian",
"lang_code": "wym",
"word": "-n"
}
],
"lang": "East Central German",
"lang_code": "gmw-ecg",
"word": "-en"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Vilamovian",
"lang_code": "wym",
"word": "-a"
},
{
"lang": "Vilamovian",
"lang_code": "wym",
"word": "-n"
}
],
"lang": "East Central German",
"lang_code": "gmw-ecg",
"word": "-n"
},
{
"lang": "Luxembourgish",
"lang_code": "lb",
"word": "-en"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Pennsylvania German",
"lang_code": "pdc",
"word": "-e"
}
],
"lang": "Rhine Franconian",
"lang_code": "gmw-rfr",
"word": "-e"
},
{
"lang": "Yiddish",
"lang_code": "yi",
"roman": "-n",
"word": "־ן"
}
],
"lang": "Middle High German",
"lang_code": "gmh",
"raw_tags": [
"Alemannic -ūn"
],
"word": "-en"
}
],
"lang": "Old High German",
"lang_code": "goh",
"word": "-ūn"
}
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "n-stem"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "etymid"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From a conflation of several Proto-Germanic ōn-stem suffixes: *-ōnų (accusative singular), *-ōniz (genitive singular, nominative/vocative plural), *-ōni (dative singular), *-ōnē (instrumental singular), and *-ōnunz (accusative plural), alongside *-ōnō (neutern an-stem nominative/vocative/accusative plural)",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "suffix",
"cat2": "inflectional suffixes"
},
"expansion": "*-ōn",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-West Germanic",
"lang_code": "gmw-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/-ōn",
"pos": "suffix",
"related": [
{
"word": "-an"
},
{
"word": "-īn"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "sagā (“story”) + -ōn → *sagōn (“stories”)",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Forms the oblique singular and nominative/accusative plural of ōn-stem nouns."
],
"links": [
[
"oblique",
"Appendix:Glossary#oblique"
],
[
"singular",
"Appendix:Glossary#singular"
],
[
"nominative",
"Appendix:Glossary#nominative"
],
[
"accusative",
"Appendix:Glossary#accusative"
],
[
"plural",
"Appendix:Glossary#plural"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"Forms the nominative/accusative plural of neuter an-stem nouns."
],
"links": [
[
"nominative",
"Appendix:Glossary#nominative"
],
[
"accusative",
"Appendix:Glossary#accusative"
],
[
"plural",
"Appendix:Glossary#plural"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "-ōn"
}
Download raw JSONL data for -ōn meaning in All languages combined (12.7kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2026-03-25 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2026-03-03 using wiktextract (05c257f and 9d9a410). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.